Method, system, and device for phase change memory switch wall cell with approximately horizontal electrode contact

ABSTRACT

Embodiments disclosed herein may include depositing a storage component material over and/or in a trench in a dielectric material, including depositing the storage component material on approximately vertical walls of the trench and a bottom of the trench. Embodiments may also include etching the storage component material so that at least a portion of the storage component material remains on the approximately vertical walls and the bottom of the trench, wherein the trench is contacting an electrode and a selector such that storage component material on the bottom of the trench contacts the electrode.

BACKGROUND

1. Field

Subject matter disclosed herein may relate to integrated circuitdevices, and may relate, more particularly, to circuitry related to amemory array.

2. Information

Integrated circuit devices, such as memory devices, for example, may befound in a wide range of electronic devices. For example, memory devicesmay be used in computers, digital cameras, cellular telephones, personaldigital assistants, etc. Factors related to a memory device that may beof interest to a system designer in considering a memory device'ssuitability for any particular application may include, physical size,storage density, operating voltages, granularity of read/writeoperations, throughput, transmission rate, and/or power consumption, forexample. Other example factors that may be of interest to systemdesigners include cost of manufacture, and/or ease of manufacture.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Claimed subject matter is particularly pointed out and distinctlyclaimed in the concluding portion of the specification. However, both asto organization and/or method of operation, together with objects,features, and/or advantages thereof, it may best be understood byreference to the following detailed description if read with theaccompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is an illustration depicting a cross-sectional view of a phasechange memory with a selector (PCMS) device, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is an illustration depicting a top view of a portion of a memorydevice, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 3 a is an illustration depicting a cross-sectional view of aportion of an example technique for forming storage components in across-point memory array, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 3 b is an illustration depicting a cross-sectional view of anadditional portion of an example technique for forming storagecomponents in a cross-point memory array, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 3 c is an illustration depicting a cross-sectional view of asubsequent processing step of a portion of an example technique forforming storage components in a cross-point memory array, according toan embodiment.

FIG. 3 d is an illustration depicting a cross-sectional view of asubsequent processing step of a portion of an example technique forforming storage components in a cross-point memory array, according toan embodiment.

FIG. 3 e is an illustration depicting a cross-sectional view of asubsequent processing step of a portion of an example technique forforming storage components in a cross-point memory array, according toan embodiment.

FIG. 3 f is an illustration depicting a cross-sectional view of asubsequent processing step of a portion of an example technique forforming storage components in a cross-point memory array, according toan embodiment.

FIG. 3 g is an illustration depicting a cross-sectional view of asubsequent processing step of a portion of an example technique forforming storage components in a cross-point memory array, according toan embodiment.

FIG. 3 h is an illustration depicting a cross-sectional view of asubsequent processing step of a portion of an example technique forforming storage components in a cross-point memory array, according toan embodiment.

FIG. 3 i is an illustration depicting a cross-sectional view of asubsequent processing step of a portion of an example technique forforming storage components in a cross-point memory array, according toan embodiment.

FIG. 3 j is an illustration depicting a cross-sectional view of asubsequent processing step of a portion of an example technique forforming storage components in a cross-point memory array, according toan embodiment.

FIG. 3 k is an illustration depicting a cross-sectional view of asubsequent processing step of a portion of an example technique forforming storage components in a cross-point memory array, according toan embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram depicting a system including across-point array memory device, according to an embodiment.

Reference is made in the following detailed description to theaccompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, wherein like numeralsmay designate like parts throughout to indicate corresponding oranalogous elements. It will be appreciated that for simplicity and/orclarity of illustration, elements illustrated in the figures have notnecessarily been drawn to scale. For example, dimensions of someelements may be exaggerated relative to other elements for clarity.Further, it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized.Furthermore, structural and/or logical changes may be made withoutdeparting from the scope of claimed subject matter. It should also benoted that directions and/or references, for example, up, down, top,bottom, and so on, may be used to facilitate discussion of drawingsand/or are not intended to restrict application of claimed subjectmatter. Therefore, the following detailed description is not to be takento limit the scope of claimed subject matter and/or equivalents.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Integrated circuit devices, such as non-volatile memory devices, may befound in a wide range of electronic devices. Non-volatile memory devicesmay be used in computers, digital cameras, cellular telephones, and/orpersonal digital assistants, to name but a few examples. Factors relatedto a memory device that may be of interest in considering a memorydevice's suitability for a particular application may include physicalsize, storage density, operating voltages, granularity of read/writeoperations, throughput, transmission rate, and/or power consumption.Other example factors that may be of interest may include cost ofmanufacture, and/or ease of manufacture. One example aspect of memoryarray design that may affect one or more factors may include integratedcircuit die size. One or more process technologies utilized tomanufacture a memory device may at least in part determine at least someof the factors, such as those mentioned above, including storagedensity, physical size, and/or cost/ease of manufacture, for example.

An example process for forming one or more storage cells in a phasechange with selector (PCMS) memory array may comprise depositing storagecomponent material over and/or on one or more trenches in a dielectricmaterial to decrease die size. One or more trenches may be formed in anarea above a plurality of rows individually comprising an electrode anda selector such that bottom portions a storage component may contact anelectrode positioned between a storage component and a selector, in animplementation. An example process may further comprise forming a trenchin a material of the memory array to affect a size of the storagecomponents at least in part through a lithographic operation utilizing areduced pitch mask.

In an example embodiment, individual storage components may comprise an“L” shape, wherein an approximately vertical portion of an “L” shapecomprises an aspect ratio at least partially affected by a thickness ofa deposition of storage component material on an approximately verticalwall of a trench in one dimension and by an additional trench formed inan approximately orthogonal direction using a reduced pitchphotolithographic mask in another dimension. A reduced aspect ratio, forexample, may allow for a reduction in programming current. Also in anexample embodiment, a horizontal portion of the “L” shaped storagecomponent, hereafter called lower leg of an “L” shape, for an individualstorage component may contact an electrode positioned between a storagecomponent and a selector. A lower leg of an “L” shaped storage componentmay provide increased contact area with an electrode, providing animproved electrical connection with reduced resistance and further helpincrease yield during manufacturing. In one or more example embodiments,an increased contact area between a storage component and an electrodemay be provided while still providing a reduced aspect ratio storagecomponent. In this manner, reduced programming current may be achievedand improved manufacturing yield may also be achieved. However, claimedsubject matter is not limited in scope in these respects.

FIG. 1 is an illustration depicting a cross-sectional view of an exampleembodiment 100 of a memory array. In an embodiment, memory array 100 maycomprise a phase change memory switch (PCMS) array. A PCMS device mayalso be referred to as a “phase change memory with selector” device. Foran embodiment, a phase change memory switch device, such as PCMS 100,may be implemented as a cross-point memory array. In an embodiment of aPCMS cross-point array, a plurality of approximately orthogonallydirected electrically conductive lines, referred to as “electrodes”, maybe formed in two or more materials, with one subset of orthogonallydirected electrodes in a material positioned below an array of storagecomponents and another subset of orthogonally directed electrodes in amaterial positioned above the array of storage components. As usedherein, the term “cross-point memory array” refers to a memory arrayhaving two or more approximately orthogonally directed sets ofelectrodes. For example, as depicted in FIG. 1, an example embodiment ofa cross-point memory array may comprise one set of electrodes, such aselectrodes depicted in electrode material 110, positioned along adirection approximately orthogonal to a direction of another set ofelectrodes, such as electrodes depicted in electrode material 140.

An electrically conductive component, such as an “electrode”, refers tocomponent that may be utilized to route signals and/or supply voltageswithin a metal material and/or within a memory array. An electricallyconductive component, such as an electrode, may comprise a sufficientlyelectrically conductive material, such as polysilicon, carbon, and/ormetallic material, such as tungsten, titanium nitride, and/or titaniumaluminum nitride, for example, for use in a memory device. Of course,claimed subject matter is not limited in scope in these respects. Othermaterials may, of course, also be used in an embodiment.

In an embodiment, an electrode material, such as electrode material 140,may be formed above one or more materials, such as material 150,comprising one or more semiconductor materials and/or one or more metalmaterials. An electrode material, such as electrode material 110, may bepositioned above a selector material, such as material 120, and/or astorage component material, such as material 130, in an embodiment.Semiconductor and metal material 150 may, for example, comprise one ormore decoder circuits, such as one or more data/sense lines, for examplea bit-line, decoder circuits and/or one or more access lines, forexample a word-line, decoder circuits, in an embodiment. Semiconductorand metal material 150 may further comprise, in an embodiment, one ormore metal materials comprising electrodes utilized to route signalsand/or supply voltages to electrode material 140 and/or electrodematerial 110, in an embodiment. For example, semiconductor and metalmaterial 150 may comprise electrically conductive interconnect that mayelectrically couple a decoder circuit to an electrode in electrodematerial 140, although claimed subject matter is not limited in thisrespect.

In an embodiment, electrically conductive electrodes of electrodematerial 140 may lie along a direction approximately orthogonal to adirection of electrically conductive electrodes of electrode material110, as described in more detail below. Also, in an embodiment, and asdepicted in FIG. 1, a material of storage components, such as storagecomponent material 130, and/or a selector material, such as selectormaterial 120, may be formed and/or positioned between two or moreelectrode materials, such as electrode material 140 and/or electrodematerial 110, in an embodiment.

Also, in an example embodiment, one or more decks of memory may beformed. For example, memory device 100 may comprise a one-deck memoryarray. Other embodiments may comprise a greater amount of decks. Forexample, other embodiments may comprise four decks, although claimedsubject matter is not limited in this respect. As used herein, a “deck”of memory may comprise an array of memory cells and a plurality ofelectrodes. For example, a first deck may comprise a plurality of accessline, for example word-line, electrodes, an array of storage componentsformed over and/or on a plurality of word-line electrodes, and aplurality of bit-line electrodes formed over and/or on a plurality ofstorage components, for example. A second deck may comprise a pluralityof bit-line electrodes shared with a first deck and may further comprisean additional array of storage components positioned over and/or on aplurality of bit-line electrodes, according to an embodiment. Also, fora second deck, an additional plurality of word-line electrodes may beformed over and/or on an additional array of storage components. Ofcourse, claimed subject matter is not limited in scope in theserespects.

For a memory array, such as PCMS array 100, a storage cell may comprisea chalcogenide glass material, in an implementation. A PCMS storage cellmay be configured to retain or store memory in at least two differentselectable states. For example in a binary system, the states areconsidered either a “0” or a “1,”, where a “set” state, representing abinary value of ‘1’, for example, may correspond to a more crystalline,more conductive state for a material of a storage cell and a “reset”state, representing a binary value of ‘0’, for example, corresponding toa more amorphous, more resistive state of a storage cell material. Inother systems, at least some individual memory cells may be configuredto store more than two levels or states of information. In a PCMS memoryarray, heat sufficient to change a phase of a storage cell may beachieved by application of a current and/or voltage pulse to the storagecell, in an implementation. Further, in one or more exampleimplementations, cross-point memory arrays may comprise one or moretechnologies other than PCMS, such as resistive memory technologiesand/or other types of memory, and claimed subject matter is not limitedin scope in this respect.

FIG. 2 is an illustration depicting a top view of a portion of examplePCMS cross-point memory array 100. Depicted in FIG. 2 is an electrodematerial 110 comprising a plurality of electrically conductiveelectrodes laying in a direction and an electrode material 140comprising a plurality of electrically conductive electrodes laying in adirection approximately orthogonal to the direction of electrodematerial 110. FIG. 2 additionally shows cross-sectional line segments‘A’, and ‘B’ that correspond to cross sectional views A and B. In anembodiment, a storage component 105 of PCMS array 100, located betweenelectrode materials 110 and/or 140, may be selected and/or accessed inpart by energizing appropriate electrodes in electrode material 140and/or electrode material 110. For an example, PCMS cross-point memoryarray, such as array 100, one or more driver circuits, such as one ormore word-line driver circuits and/or one or more bit-line drivercircuits, may transmit one or more signals, such as one or moreword-line select signals and/or one or more bit-line select signals, toone or more electrodes of electrode material 110 and/or electrodematerial 140. In an embodiment, electrode material 140 may comprise aplurality of word-line electrodes, for example. Also, in an embodiment,electrode material 110 may comprise a plurality of bit-line electrodes,although claimed subject matter is not limited in these respects. Bytransmitting a word-line select signal to a word-line electrode ofelectrode material 140 and/or by transmitting a bit-select signal to abit-line electrode of electrode material 110 a particular storage cellwithin array 100 may be selected, for example.

In one or more embodiments, it may be advantageous to provide higherdensity storage arrays, for example, while also providing reducedstorage component programming current. It may further be advantageous toprovide higher density storage arrays and/or reduced storage componentprogramming current without significantly increasing cost and/ordifficulty of manufacture, for example. Of course, claimed subjectmatter is not limited in these respects. These are merely non-limitingexamples.

As mentioned previously, an example process for forming one or morestorage components in a phase change with selector (PCMS) memory arraymay comprise depositing storage component material over and/or on one ormore trenches in a dielectric material to decrease die size. One or moretrenches may be formed in an area above a plurality of rows individuallycomprising an electrode and a selector such that bottom portions astorage component may contact an electrode positioned between a storagecomponent and a selector, in an implementation. An example process mayfurther comprise forming a trench in a material of the memory array toaffect a size of the storage components at least in part through alithographic operation utilizing a reduced pitch mask. Individualstorage components may comprise an “L” shape, wherein an approximatelyvertical portion of an “L” shape comprises an aspect ratio at leastpartially affected by a thickness of a deposition of storage componentmaterial on an approximately vertical wall of a trench in one dimensionand by an additional trench formed in an approximately orthogonaldirection using a reduced pitch photolithographic mask in anotherdimension. A reduced aspect ratio, for example, may allow for areduction in programming current. Also in an example implementation, ahorizontal potion of the “L” shaped storage component, hereafter calledlower leg of an “L” shape, for an individual storage component maycontact an electrode positioned between a storage component and aselector. A lower leg of an “L” shaped storage component may provideincreased contact area with an electrode, providing an improvedelectrical connection with reduced resistance and further help increaseyield during manufacturing. In one or more example implementations, anincreased contact area between a storage component and an electrode maybe provided while still providing a reduced aspect ratio storagecomponent. However, claimed subject matter is not limited in scope inthese respects.

FIGS. 3 a through 3 k illustrate a process of forming PCMS 100 inaccordance with an embodiment of the present technology. Referring toFIG. 3 a, Cross Section A depicts a cross-sectional view of a portion ofPCMS array 100 looking in an ‘x’ direction, and Cross Section B depictsa cross-sectional view of a portion of PCMS array 100 looking in a ‘y’direction that is approximately orthogonal to an ‘x’ direction. FIGS. 3a through 3 k depict an example technique for forming at least someaspects of PCMS array 100. Of course, claimed subject matter is notlimited in scope to the particular examples described herein and asdepicted in FIGS. 3 a through 3 k.

As illustrated in FIG. 3 a, a dielectric material, such as nitride 320,may be formed by deposition and/or other known processes over and/or onsemiconductor and metal material 150, in an embodiment. Also in anembodiment, a material, such as tungsten, may be deposited or otherwiseformed by known methods over and/or on a dielectric, such as a nitride,to produce an electrode 140. Electrode 140 may further comprise, forexample, platinum, carbon, titanium nitride, and/or titanium aluminumnitride, among others, in an embodiment. Nitride 320 may comprise, forexample, silicon nitride and/or silicon oxynitride, in an embodiment.Embodiments are not limited to a particular type of dielectric materialor electrode material. Note that at this point in an example processelectrode 140, may comprise a deposited sheet of material, and so maynot yet comprise individual electrodes. In an implementation, electrode140 may eventually comprise one or more electrodes approximately inparallel and approximately along an ‘x’ direction.

Further, in an embodiment, a lower electrode 360 may be formed bydeposition or other known processes over and/or on PCMS array 100. In anembodiment, lower electrode 360, may comprise carbon, titanium nitride,and/or titanium aluminum nitride, among others, for example. A middleelectrode 370 may also comprise carbon, titanium nitride, and/ortitanium aluminum nitride, among others, for example. Additionally, aselector material 120, may be formed by deposition or other knownprocesses, over and/or on lower electrode 360. In an embodiment,selector material 120 may comprise a chalcogenide material. However, inan embodiment, selector 120 may comprise a different chalcogenidematerial than that utilized for storage component material 340.

FIG. 3 b shows a subsequent stage of the process following the processdescribed in FIG. 3 a. As illustrated in FIG. 3 b, one or more trenches301 may be formed by etching and/or other known processes in PCMS array100. In an embodiment, an etching process may stop approximately atdielectric material 320, having etched through middle electrode material370, selector material 120, lower electrode 360, and/or electrode 140,for example. In an embodiment, a photoresist etch mask may be formedutilizing a lithographic technique, for example, to substantiallyprotect PCMS array 100 outside of areas designated for trenches 301during an etching process, although the scope of claimed subject matteris not limited in this respect.

FIG. 3 c shows a subsequent stage of the process following the processdescribed in FIG. 3 b. As illustrated in FIG. 3 c, trenches 301 may befilled with a second dielectric material 308. Dielectric material 308may be the same as dielectric 302, and/or may comprise some otherdielectric material, for example. In an embodiment, Dielectric materialmay comprise silicon nitride and/or silicon oxynitride, for example,although other materials are also possible in other embodiments.

As further illustrated in FIG. 3 d, a trench 303 may be formed byetching dielectric material 308. In an embodiment, an example etchingprocess may stop at middle electrode material 370. A mask may be formedby known processes to substantially protect PCMS array 100 outside ofthe area intended for trench 303. In an embodiment, an etching processmay form approximately vertical walls of trench 303. As used herein, theterm “wall” as it relates to a trench refers to an approximatelyvertical boundary of a trench formed, for example, by an etchingprocess.

FIG. 3 e shows a subsequent stage of the process following the processdescribed in FIG. 3 d. As depicted in FIG. 3 e, a storage componentmaterial 340 may be formed over and/or on a surface of PCMS array 100,including within a trench, such as trench 303. In an embodiment, storagecomponent material 340 may be deposited in a conformal manner.Approximately vertical sections of storage component material 340 formedon approximately vertical walls of a trench, such as trench 303, may, atleast in part, be utilized to form one or more storage components, in anembodiment. Thus, an aspect ratio of a storage component may be affectedin one dimension, at least in part, according to a thickness of thedeposition of storage component material on the approximately verticalwalls of trench 303.

FIG. 3 f shows a subsequent stage of the process following the processdescribed in FIG. 3 e. As illustrated in FIG. 3 f, portions ofdielectric material 309 positioned at a bottom surface of trench 303 maybe removed, such as by a self-aligned etch of dielectric material 309.Additionally, portions of storage component material 340 positioned at abottom surface of a trench 303, that are not substantially protected bydielectric material 309 may also be removed. The term “self-alignedetch” refers to an etching process whereby materials surrounding aregion to be etched may be substantially protected from the etchingprocess by way of an existing feature. For example, the term“self-aligned” in connection with the example etching process describedin connection with FIG. 3 f is meant to convey that some regions ofdielectric material 309 and/or storage cell material 340 to be etchedmay be affected, at least in part, by dielectric material 309 depositedon the approximately vertical walls of trench 303, and/or thatdielectric material 309 deposited on the approximately vertical walls oftrench 303 may substantially protect underlying materials from beingetched. In an example implementation, an anisotropic etch may be used.In this manner, approximately horizontal portions of memory componentmaterial 340 may remain after etching to provide lower approximatelyhorizontal leg portions of “L”-shaped storage components 305. In animplementation, lower approximately horizontal leg portions of “L”shaped storage components 305 may provide improved contact area withmiddle electrode 370, potentially improving circuit reliability and/orperformance.

A self-aligned etch may be performed to etch portions of memory material340 to form, at least in part, lower approximately horizontal legportions of storage components 305. A self-aligned etch whereby lowerleg portions of storage components 305 are formed may not affectselector material 120, thereby avoiding or at least reducing the risk ofsignificant lateral erosion of selector material 120 during etching ofstorage component material 340.

Additionally, a chemical/mechanical polish (CMP) process may be used toexpose storage component material 340 at a top surface of PCMS 100.

FIG. 3 g shows a subsequent stage of the process following the processdescribed in FIG. 3 f. A dielectric material 311 may be formed overand/or on PCMS array 100, including filling trench 303. In anembodiment, dielectric material 311 may comprise silicon oxide, forexample, although the scope of claimed subject matter is not limited inthis respect.

FIG. 3 h shows a subsequent stage of the process following the processdescribed in FIG. 3 g. As depicted in FIG. 3 h, array 100 may besubstantially planarized to remove at least a portion of dielectricmaterial 311 and storage component material 340 not within trench 303.Planarization may further expose a top surface of storage cells 305 at atop surface of PCMS 100. Also, the planarization process may beaccomplished by chemical/mechanical polish (CMP), although claimedsubject matter is not limited in scope in this respect.

FIG. 3 i shows a subsequent stage of the process following the processdescribed in FIG. 3 h. As illustrated at FIG. 3 i, an electrode materialmay be formed over and/or on the substantially planarized surface ofPCMS 100 to form a storage component electrode 380. Also, an electrodematerial such as tungsten may be formed over and/or on storage componentelectrode 380, thereby forming an electrode 110. In an implementation,electrode material 110 may, after patterning, comprise a plurality ofelectrodes along a direction that is approximately orthogonal toelectrodes 140.

FIG. 3 j shows a subsequent stage of the process following the processdescribed in FIG. 3 i. As depicted in FIG. 3 j, a plurality of trenches313, may be formed for example by an etch, into PCMS array 100. Trenches313 may be positioned along a direction approximately orthogonal totrenches 301, in an example implementation. An example etching processto form trenches 313 may etch sections of electrode material 110,storage element electrode 380, dielectric material 308, and/or middleelectrode 370. Additionally, selector material 120 may also be etched,at least partially, as depicted in FIG. 3 j. Selector material 120 maybe etched to a depth that ensures that a remaining thickness (w) ofselector material at a bottom of a trench 313 is less than a distance(W) between columns of selector material 120. By ensuring that aremaining thickness of selector material 120 at the bottom of trenches313 is less than a distance between columns, lateral switching betweencolumns of selectors, whereby neighboring storage components maypotentially inadvertently change state, may be decreased or avoided.Additionally, by not etching entirely through selector material 120, anamount of time during which storage component material 340 may beexposed to the etching process may be reduced, thereby reducingpotential lateral etching of storage component material 340 andmaintaining wanted thickness of material.

In an embodiment, an etching process may be accomplished utilizing aphotolithographic operation. During the etch process, portions of PCMSarray 100 not intended to be etched may be protected by a mask.Additionally, it may be noted that trenches, such as trenches 313, maydefine an additional dimension of an aspect ratio, also referred to as across-section, of approximately vertical portions of one or more storagecomponents, such as storage components 305. In this manner, onedimension of an aspect ratio, or cross section, of approximatelyvertical portions of storage components 305 may be at least partiallyaffected by a thickness of a deposition of storage component material ona wall of trench 303, and another dimension of an aspect ratio, orcross-section, of approximately vertical portions of storage components305 may at least partially be affected by an example etching processutilizing a lithographic operation. However, claimed subject matter isnot limited in scope in these respects.

FIG. 3 k shows a subsequent stage of the process following the processdescribed in FIG. 3 j. As illustrated in FIG. 3 k, additional dielectricmaterial, such as nitride 320, may be deposited over and/or on PCMS 100and within trenches 313 to encapsulate storage components 305 andselectors 315, in an embodiment, for example. Deposition of additionaldielectric material may provide structural stability, as well aselectrical isolation for individual aspects of PCMS array 100. However,claimed subject matter is not limited in scope in these respects.

FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram depicting an example system 400including an example PCMS 420. In an embodiment, PCMS 420 may comprise astorage area 422 including a PCMS cross-point memory array, such as inaccordance with one or more of examples. PCMS 420 may, in an exampleembodiment, be coupled to a processor 410 by way of an interconnect 415.

PCMS 420 in an embodiment may comprise a control unit 426. Additionally,storage area 422 may store instructions 424 that may include one or moreapplications that may be executed by processor 410, according with anembodiment. Processor 410 may transmit a memory access command to PCMS420, for example. Control unit 426 may access one or more memory cellsof storage area 422 at least in part in response to receiving the memoryaccess command from processor 410, according to an embodiment. Ofcourse, computing platform 400 is merely one example of a systemimplemented in accordance with claimed subject matter, and the scope ofclaimed subject matter is not limited in these respects.

The term “computing platform” as used herein refers to a system and/or adevice that includes the ability to process and/or store data in theform of signals or states. Thus, a computing platform, in this context,may comprise hardware, software, firmware or any combination thereof(other than software per se). Computing platform 400, as depicted inFIG. 4, is merely one such example, and the scope of claimed subjectmatter is not limited in these respects. For one or more embodiments, acomputing platform may comprise any of a wide range of digitalelectronic devices, including, but not limited to, personal desktop ornotebook computers, high-definition televisions, digital versatile disc(DVD) players or recorders, game consoles, satellite televisionreceivers, cellular telephones, personal digital assistants, mobileaudio or video playback or recording devices, or any combination of theabove. Further, unless specifically stated otherwise, a process asdescribed herein, with reference to flow diagrams or otherwise, may alsobe executed and/or controlled, in whole or in part, by a computingplatform.

The terms, “and”, “or”, and “and/or” as used herein may include avariety of meanings that also are expected to depend at least in partupon the context in which such terms are used. Typically, “or” if usedto associate a list, such as A, B or C, is intended to mean A, B, and C,here used in the inclusive sense, as well as A, B or C, here used in theexclusive sense. In addition, the term “one or more” as used herein maybe used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in thesingular or may be used to describe a plurality or some othercombination of features, structures or characteristics. Though, itshould be noted that this is merely an illustrative example and claimedsubject matter is not limited to this example.

Methodologies described herein may be implemented by various techniquesdepending, at least in part, on applications according to particularfeatures or examples. For example, methodologies may be implemented inhardware, firmware, or combinations thereof, along with software (otherthan software per se). In a hardware implementation, for example, aprocessing unit may be implemented within one or more applicationspecific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs),digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices(PLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers,micro-controllers, microprocessors, electronic devices, other devicesunits designed to perform the functions described herein, orcombinations thereof.

In the preceding detailed description, numerous specific details havebeen set forth to provide a thorough understanding of claimed subjectmatter. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art thatclaimed subject matter may be practiced without these specific details.In other instances, methods and/or apparatuses that would be known byone of ordinary skill have not been described in detail so as not toobscure claimed subject matter.

Some portions of the preceding detailed description have been presentedin terms of logic, algorithms and/or symbolic representations ofoperations on binary states stored within a memory of a specificapparatus or special purpose computing device or platform. In thecontext of this particular specification, the term specific apparatus orthe like includes a general purpose computer once it is programmed toperform particular functions pursuant to instructions from programsoftware. Algorithmic descriptions and/or symbolic representations areexamples of techniques used by those of ordinary skill in the signalprocessing and/or related arts to convey the substance of their work toothers skilled in the art. An algorithm is here, and generally, isconsidered to be a self-consistent sequence of operations and/or similarsignal processing leading to a desired result. In this context,operations and/or processing involve physical manipulation of physicalquantities. Typically, although not necessarily, such quantities maytake the form of electrical and/or magnetic signals capable of beingstored, transferred, combined, compared or otherwise manipulated aselectronic signals representing information. It has proven convenient attimes, principally for reasons of common usage, to refer to such signalsas bits, data, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers,numerals, information, or the like. It should be understood, however,that all of these or similar terms are to be associated with appropriatephysical quantities and are merely convenient labels. Unlessspecifically stated otherwise, as apparent from the followingdiscussion, it is appreciated that throughout this specificationdiscussions utilizing terms such as “processing,” “computing,”“calculating,” “determining”, “establishing”, “obtaining”,“identifying”, “selecting”, “generating”, or the like may refer toactions and/or processes of a specific apparatus, such as a specialpurpose computer or a similar special purpose electronic computingdevice. In the context of this specification, therefore, a specialpurpose computer and/or a similar special purpose electronic computingdevice is capable of manipulating and/or transforming signals, typicallyrepresented as physical electronic and/or magnetic quantities withinmemories, registers, and/or other information storage devices,transmission devices, and/or display devices of the special purposecomputer and/or similar special purpose electronic computing device. Inthe context of this particular patent application, the term “specificapparatus” may include a general purpose computer once it is programmedto perform particular functions pursuant to instructions from programsoftware.

In some circumstances, operation of a memory device, such as a change instate from a binary one to a binary zero or vice-versa, for example, maycomprise a transformation, such as a physical transformation. Withparticular types of memory devices, such a physical transformation maycomprise a physical transformation of an article to a different state orthing. For example, but without limitation, for some types of memorydevices, a change in state may involve an accumulation and/or storage ofcharge or a release of stored charge. Likewise, in other memory devices,a change of state may comprise a physical change and/or transformationin magnetic orientation or a physical change or transformation inmolecular structure, such as from crystalline to amorphous orvice-versa. In still other memory devices, a change in physical statemay involve quantum mechanical phenomena, such as, superposition,entanglement, or the like, which may involve quantum bits (qubits), forexample. The foregoing is not intended to be an exhaustive list of allexamples in which a change in state for a binary one to a binary zero orvice-versa in a memory device may comprise a transformation, such as aphysical transformation. Rather, the foregoing are intended asillustrative examples.

A computer-readable (storage) medium typically may be non-transitoryand/or comprise a non-transitory device. In this context, anon-transitory storage medium may include a device that is tangible,meaning that the device has a concrete physical form, although thedevice may change its physical state. Thus, for example, non-transitoryrefers to a device remaining tangible despite this change in state.

While there has been illustrated and/or described what are presentlyconsidered to be example features, it will be understood by thoseskilled in the art that various other modifications may be made, and/orequivalents may be substituted, without departing from claimed subjectmatter. Additionally, many modifications may be made to adapt aparticular situation to the teachings of claimed subject matter withoutdeparting from the central concept described herein.

Therefore, it is intended that claimed subject matter not be limited tothe particular examples disclosed, but that such claimed subject mattermay also include all aspects falling within the scope of appendedclaims, and/or equivalents thereof.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method for forming a storage component,comprising: providing an electrode above a selector; providing a trenchin a dielectric material above the electrode; depositing a storagecomponent material over and/or in the trench in the dielectric material,including depositing the storage component material on approximatelyvertical walls of the trench and a bottom of the trench, wherein thestorage component material is configured to switch between at least twostates to store information; and etching the storage component materialso that at least a portion of the storage component material remains onthe approximately vertical walls and the bottom of the trench, whereinthe bottom of the trench exposes the electrode such that storagecomponent material on the bottom of the trench contacts the electrode.2. The method of claim 1, further comprising forming an additionaltrench along a direction approximately orthogonal to a direction of thetrench in the dielectric material utilizing a lithographic operation. 3.The method of claim 1, wherein the etching the storage componentmaterial comprises etching a portion of the storage component materialat the bottom of the trench in the dielectric material, wherein anadditional portion of the storage component material at the bottom ofthe trench in the dielectric material is not etched to provide a lowerapproximately horizontal leg of an “L” shaped storage component.
 4. Themethod of claim 3, wherein the etching the portion of the storagecomponent material comprises depositing an additional dielectricmaterial on the approximately vertical walls of the trench over and/oron the storage component material.
 5. The method of claim 4, wherein theetching the portion of the storage component material comprisesperforming a self-aligned etch operation by etching the portion of thestorage component material at the bottom of the trench in the dielectricmaterial not substantially protected by the additional dielectricmaterial, wherein the additional portion of the storage componentmaterial located at the bottom of the trench is not etched due to beingsubstantially protected by the additional dielectric material.
 6. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the depositing the storage component materialcomprises depositing a chalcogenide glass material over and/or on thedielectric material.
 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the selectorcomprises a chalcogenide glass that differs from the chalcogenide glassmaterial of the storage component material.
 8. The method of claim 2,wherein the forming the additional trench comprises masking one or moreareas to be protected from etching utilizing a reduced-pitch mask. 9.The method of claim 2, further comprising etching a portion of thestorage component material located at the bottom of the trench formed inthe dielectric material to form a lower approximately horizontal legportions of an “L” shaped storage component without etching theselector.
 10. A method for forming a plurality of storage components ofa memory array, comprising: providing a plurality of electrodes above aplurality of selectors; providing a plurality of trenches in adielectric material above the plurality of electrodes; depositing astorage component material over and/or in the plurality of trenches inthe dielectric material, including depositing the storage componentmaterial on approximately vertical walls of the plurality of trenchesand a respective plurality of bottoms of the plurality of trenches,wherein the storage component material is configured to switch betweenat least two states to store information; and etching the storagecomponent material so that at least portions of the storage componentmaterial remain on the approximately vertical walls and the respectiveplurality of bottoms of the plurality of trenches, wherein therespective plurality of bottoms of the plurality of trenches expose arespective plurality of electrodes such that the storage componentmaterial on the respective plurality of bottoms of the trenches contactsthe respective plurality of electrodes.
 11. The method of claim 10,further comprising forming an additional plurality of trenches along adirection approximately orthogonal to a direction of the plurality oftrenches in the dielectric material utilizing a lithographic operation.12. The method of claim 10, wherein the etching the storage componentmaterial comprises etching portions of the storage component material atthe respective bottoms of the plurality of trenches in the dielectricmaterial, wherein additional portions of the storage component materialat the respective bottoms of the plurality of trenches in the dielectricmaterial are not etched to provide a plurality of lower approximatelyhorizontal legs of a respective plurality of “L” shaped storagecomponents.
 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the etching the portionsof the storage component material comprises depositing an additionaldielectric material on the approximately vertical walls of the pluralityof trenches over and/or on the storage component material.
 14. Themethod of claim 13, wherein the etching the portions of the storagecomponent material comprises performing a self-aligned etch operation byetching the portions of the storage component material at the respectivebottoms of the plurality of trenches in the dielectric material notsubstantially protected by the additional dielectric material, whereinthe additional portions of the storage component material located at therespective bottoms of the plurality of trenches are not etched due tobeing substantially protected by the additional dielectric material.